One of the reasons, pro-Telengana group demanding for a seperate Telengana state is - the region and native people have been oppressed by the so called rich coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema people. Other strong reason behind this argument is - their jobs have been taken away by Andhra and Rayalaseema people.
Having lived all my childhood in interior Telengana, I am trying to understand the underdevelopment and the oppression that has been experienced by the natives of this region.
Telengana is a region with nine adminstrative districts. To understand the region it is good to understand the the development, demographics and economy within the each district. In this part of the blog, I am gathering economic development of the region
The Northern most district of Andhra Pradesh state and Telengana region is Adilabad. 43% of the district is under the forest, making it one of the most densely forested district in the entire state. Again according to the official district website, Adilabad ranks first in earning revenue from minerals. This district is rich in Coal, Iron, Limestone and Clay. Singareni Colleries at Bellampally and other associated industries put the district in right footing to harness the opportunities. The problem for this district is - polulation density is very less and tribal population constitute a quarter of the population. This is the hinderland for the Naxalites as this district border Maharastra and agency area.
South of Adilabad is the Karimnagar District. This is the district given a Chief Minister of the state and Prime Minister of the nation, PV Narasimha Rao. This district is the home for the Ramagundam Super Thermal Power Station, one of the largest Thermal Power Stations in Southern India. This district also got two important industries on the large scale - one is Singareni Colleries and other is Kesoram Cements, a flagship Birla Company. With Godavari flowing across, the district has the benefit from agriculture from Sriram sagar and Sripada Sagar. As per the Official website for the district - 6940 Sq Km of 11823 Sq Km is gross cropped. That amouts to 58% of the district. Added to that in the recent years Karimnagar town emerged as a big educational centre rivalling it's neighbour - Warangal. It is interesting to note here that Karimnagar is hot bed for the Telengana movement along with neighbouring Warangal.
To the west of Karimnagar is the Nizamabad district. While 37.5% of the district area (7,956 Sq Kms) is cultivated, roughly 20% of the land is in the forest. This district benefits from River Godavari, Manjira and two major dams - Pochampad and Nizam Sagar. This is predominently a Agri based or commercial economy based on Agri productions. Sugar cane and Rice are major crops and both are surplus in production.
South of Nizamabad is the Warangal, the culutural capital of Telugus. Rajahmundry in Coastal Andhra is akin to Warangal City which enriched the Telugu language and culture. Warangal is the second largest City in Telengana after Hyderabad and fourth largest in the state after Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada. A City Corporation, Warangal city is a major centre for Education and commerical centre outside Hyderabad. Twinned with Hanmakonda, this district also suffers from the moist intellectualism and idealogies. Regional Engineering College, the premier Engineering institute and Kakatiya University suffered on and off from these idealogies. The district does not benefit from any major industries not rivers. But Kazipet is a major Railway junction.
To the east of Warangal lies the Khammam district benfiting from fertile Godavari river and rich natural resources. Tribals account for the nearly 68% of the population with 48% of the area in the forests. This district has Kothagudem-Paloncha Industrial belt with Thermal, Nuclear power plants and Coal mines. In addition to Godavari river, the district also benefits from the Nagarjunasagar (Krishna river) canal system for irrigation. Like Karimnagar in the North, Khammam town emerged as centre for Education.
To the west of Khammam District is the Nalgonda district. Despite having the benefit of the Krishna River and Nagarjuna sagar dam remains the least developed district along with the Mahaboob Nagar district. With no major industries and largely dependent on Agriculture, this district suffers from variety of problems including drought, drinking water problems. This is one of the showcase districts in the state, that reflects the lack of political committment and leadership to alleviate the citizens from chronic suffering.
Mahaboobnagar is only on par with Nalgonda in most of economic and social parameters. Having river Krishna and being on the main line between Hyderabad and Bangalore did not help this district to develop any better. This district does not benefit from any major industries. Suffers from periodic droughts like Nalgonda district. Again, state of this district is a reflection of the political and adminstrative laxity. It may be pertinent to note that the first Chief Minister of Hyderabad state Burgula Ramakrishna Rao is from here. And, interestingly, K Chandra Sekhara Rao represents Mahaboobnagar in Parliament.
Medak, significantly is blessed with the first Indian Institute Of Technology in AP State. With close proximity to Hyderabad and also the Rangareddi district - Medak is largely an industrial district. With about 10% forest land, and under 30% irrigated land this district is the next Rangareddi district in making to support the explosive growth of the Hyderabad Metro area. Patancheru and Ramachandrapuram are key industrial belt in the state. ICRISAT, and the giant BHEL are located in this district along with large defence establishment like Ordance factory and BDL.
Rangareddi, with out any doubt has seen the largest growth by any measure in entire state of Andhra Pradesh. This is the key industrial and development bealt of the Hyderabad metro area. This District has a strong industrial base with public sector undertakings like BHEL (R&D), ECIL, IDPL,HCL, HAL, HMT Bearings, BEL and NFC etc. This district also base for the large number of medium and large scale industries. National Police Academy and AP Police Acadamy are located in this distrcit. With, Hyderabad international airport - lands in this district have seen meatioric growth in the past two decades. Needless to say, the historic owners of these lands have become multi millionaires overnight.
Hyderabad, the capital of the Andhra Pradesh State does not need any introduction. No other district and city will come close to Hyderabad in terms of economic, social and infrastructure development. Together with Rangareddi district - Hyderabad metro area contributes in excess of 40% to the state GDP.
On the whole, Mahaboobnagar and Nalgonda districts did not get any economic development and suffered since the formation of the Andhra Pradesh state in 1956.
Part -II continues..
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